#Why Midwest Earthquakes
02-Feb-95 22:30:15
Sb: #165602-#Why Midwest Earthquakes
Fm: Doug Mitchell 70621,702
To: Kamron Kirkconnell 73740,2246
Hi, Kamron–
That stretch of the Colorado River I spoke of had nearly completed its first
rows of towers. It seems clear the river established a meandering pattern like
the Mississippi in the flat plateau, when it _was_ dealing with dirt and sand,
but then it cut into the plateau rock enough to fix the meanders in stone. Now
locked in a pattern, it just kept cutting. It is obvious that a little more
cutting will isolate what will then be towers – the canyon width is almost
enough to cut across the meander loops. The river will never have switched
sides relative to the tower; on one side of the tower the isolation will have
been by collapses of rock the river undercut, not by the river itself.
More than this must have happened to form the Grand Canyon, at least partly
because of tributaries and maybe weak areas in the bedrock, but this meandering
mechanism may have started it out.
Once it has cut the first canyon, the river can still change course if dammed,
especially if tributaries and such have created a partial route. For example,
it might cut into a soft layer, then cut sideways through the soft stuff,
causing the overhang to collapse and dam the river. It shifts a bit and
resumes undercutting… Say, this presents an alternate theory for the
meandering pattern. I suspect this undercutting trick could cause it to
generate meanders even after it has cut into the plateau. I prefer the
meanders-before-first-cutting theory, but the same asymmetry of speed-ups
feeding back to cause stronger asymmetries might work in undercutting mode.
–Doug