CompuServe Thread

#Art vs Invention

64 messages in this thread
#6603From: Don Curtis/SYSOPAug 17, 1988 11:31 AM
Tom, Are you telling me that an 'inspired' work, is done from start to finish with no going back over the work already done to make sure it's what the inspired person wanted? Hogwash. Don
#6624From: Thomas HoladayAug 17, 1988 4:54 PM
Don, I gave you specific examples of artistic works which were done in very brief periods of time, which allowed for very little "checking" or "correction." I can't believe you are asserting that a novel is written by repeatedly trying words in some methodical way until a reasonable sentence emerges. Look again at our ditchdigger. It is possible for ditchdigging to be safely delegated. You can write a plan for the ditch and distribute it to a team of journeyman diggers, even leave the site altogether, and come back and find the ditch more or less where you wanted it. If you have delegated the job to unreliable or poorly skilled people, you may not be happy with the results, but that's why I stipulate real journeyman diggers, not just any loonies pretending to be diggers. If novel writing were like ditchdigging, it would be delegated all the time. Some "novels" may be corporate works (Harold Robbins is rumored to be a collective), but they're not literature. Why didn't Truman Capote or Gay Talese or any of the other famous victims of writer's block simply subcontract the work, if such works are simple methodical processes? They aren't. The universe of possible china glazes is infinitesmal in comparison to the universe of possible novels. Edison determined that the invention process _could_ be delegated, and in Menlo Park he built the first modern research laboratory. Despite the millions of dollars of profits earned by a Steven King book, a proposal for a horror-thriller factory would never get a nickle of backing from the silliest venture capitalist.
#6665From: JEFFREY C. DEGEAug 17, 1988 8:26 PM
Look at the works of Alexander Dumas ("Three Musketeers", etc.) From what I understand he had as many as forty writers working on up to a dozen books at a time.
#6714From: Thomas HoladayAug 17, 1988 11:16 PM
Jeff, I'd consider Dumas' works to be evidence for the argument that art doesn't arise out of collaboration. Harlequin Romances, like the swashbuckling tales of Dumas Pere, are written to formula. I certainly wouldn't dispute the assertion that writing a Harlequin Romance is "99 percent perspiration and 1 percent inspiration."
#6732From: JEFFREY C. DEGEAug 18, 1988 12:41 AM
I LIKE Dumas' stuff. He began the entire genre of pulp novels.
#6807From: Thomas HoladayAug 18, 1988 7:10 AM
Jeff, Dumas' stuff, as you call it, is fun and likable. It's also formulaic, as are Star Wars or Indiana Jones, or L.A. Law, which are also fun and likable. None of this group are of indisputable literary merit, however.
#6759From: Don Curtis/SYSOPAug 18, 1988 2:14 AM
Tom, No, I never said that you could contract out 'inspiration'. Certainly there are so called artists who have great ideas…but no talent to carry that idea thru to a work of art. However, what I did say was that no matter how inspired you are, and no matter how fast it was produced…there is some trial and error that goes into the product. You mentioned Harold Robbins. Are you telling me that he (or multiple 'hes') sat at a typewritter, started typing and never went back over the work. Then took this work and shipped it to a publisher who didn't have it proof-read and simply had it type-set and printed and distributed? Of course not, the writter got an idea for a novel, started to put that idea on paper and in the process read and re-read it and in the process changed what was originaly put on the paper. They didn't change each and every word, they may have only changed a few words in the entire novel…but I can almost guarantee you something was changed from what was first put on the paper. A ditch is a simple idea, simple to conceptualize and simple to create. BUT, that also presumes that the person who is to dig the ditch is able to carry out that task. Give my 2 year old a backhoe and I don't think you'd get the ditch you conceptualized. Artistry is much more complex, both in conceptualization and in creation of the final product. And thus there is a much more limited group of those able to carry out the task. So limited, that in fact, the person who got the idea is the probably the only one who could carry out the task, but not without some trial and error. Don
#6810From: Thomas HoladayAug 18, 1988 7:10 AM
Don, I anticipated your argument about having a ditch dug by a two year old, and explicitly stipulated "journeyman ditchdiggers." Did you miss that?
#6862From: Don Curtis/SYSOPAug 18, 1988 2:41 PM
Tom, No, I didn't miss that, I was merely pointing out that not all persons are equal at all tasks. If I took a photograph of a scene, composed it in a method that I thought was inspiring and then gave it to an artist (paint and brush type) to turn into a painting…I have in fact sub-contracted 'art' in that my inspiration was turned into reality by someone more skilled than I. I could sit behind this person and tell him the color wasn't quite right, or the effect wasn't quite right. I could not create this on my own, but that doesn't mean I couldn't have someone else do it. I'm NOT saying that this is normal, or even easy…but it could be done. Ansel Adams could have had an assistant cart the camera around, told the assistant how long to make the exposure and where to point the camera. The assistant could have developed and printed the picture according to strict instructions from Mr. Adams. None of that means the work was any less Mr. Adams' work than if he had done it 100% himself. Again, not the normal method of doing things…but not impossible. Don
#6869From: Thomas HoladayAug 18, 1988 3:59 PM
Don, All journeyman programmers, all journeyman ditchdiggers, all journeyman carpenters, journeyman plumbers, porcelain painters, commercial artists, journalists, ghost writers, portrait photographers, are so nearly alike in their ability to program, delve, woodwork, plumb, color, portray, distort, inflate, and flatter as to make little real difference, so they compete on price. An anaesthesiologist is not an artist, is s/he, even though s/he monitors the patient's vitals and adjusts the flow? Does that mean s/he is working via trial and error? Is a comatose state an artwork? A sentimental or sensitive non-artist could subcontract his painting to technically proficient soulless dullard without doing serious harm to the resultant work, because the work is unlikely to be of artistic merit in any event. Rembrandt, Titian, DaVinci, nor Gainesborough could not. Andy Warhol's paintings were done by kids hanging out at The Factory, but Warhol did not claim to be an artist, and he called his shop "The Factory" for God's sake, how could it be more explicit?!? What does he have to do, explain it? "I call it the factory because it is not art, it is manufacture, it requires no inspiration, just work, by workers. I take the Burpee Seed catalog and make large blowups of the flower pictures therein and have the kids sign my name or we use a rubber stamp because it is faster. 'Factory.' Like 'Car factory.' Not 'Studio.'"
#6887From: Steve AhlstromAug 18, 1988 5:49 PM
Tom, "A sentimental or sensitive non-artist could subcontract his painting to technically proficient soulless dullard without doing serious harm to the resultant work, because the work is unlikely to be of artistic merit in any event." Interesting. Would you consider the Pyramids of Egypt, Great Wall of China, Eiffel Tower, Golden Gate Bridge, the land paintings of the Mayans, and (almost) endless other examples to be without "artistic merit"? They were no doubt "subcontract[ed] … [to] technically proficient soulless dullard[s]".
#6969From: Don Curtis/SYSOPAug 19, 1988 2:43 AM
Tom, Andy Warhol may not have considered his works 'art', but lots of others did. I might consider my works 'art', but probably no one else would. Does that make any difference in this discussion? The discussion is not (to me anyway) a discussion of what is art…but rather it is a discussion of whether going from concept to reality requires trial and error. Whether we are talking about low trial and error with a great artist or high trial and error with Thomas Edison…the point I'm trying to make is that trial and error IS required, there is nothing that is 100% inspiration. Don
#7057From: Thomas HoladayAug 19, 1988 5:27 PM
Don, I did not assert that anything was 100% inspiration. I challenged the general assertion that Art and Invention are the same, and the specific assertion that Art was 90% oKJVdxerspiration." The statement "Art is 100% inspiration" is a straw man you set up to knock over. Plop.
#7123From: Don Curtis/SYSOPAug 20, 1988 12:38 AM
Tom, IF the very first time a great artistic painter put pencil to paper (or whatever) that person created a work of art…then I'd agree with you. The learning process itself is part of what made an artist great. Talent is also a part. We can't all be inventors nor can we all be great artists. The learning process is 'perspiration' no matter how you look at it. You spoke of great Jazz artists. Don't you think that they had to sweat for years learning how to play their instrument and then all the other stuff that Steve mentioned? Just because they can sit down today and put together a piece quickly…doesn't meant that they could have done it in their earlier years. It's the hours and hours of study and practice and trying that gave them the ability to put that piece together quickly. Some folks take a few less hours than others, and some never get there…but those that do get there don't do it by poping up one day with no prior experience or training with an inspiration brought to life on the spot. We all come out of the womb with biological functions, beyond that… learning is required and learning is work. Don
#7183From: Thomas HoladayAug 20, 1988 9:58 AM
Don, Do you think there's any such thing as spontaneity? Or is everything done methodically? The experience of the better research laboratories is that, in fact, folks of ordinary talent can achieve excellent results if they follow a method. Once in a while someone has a good idea or a lucky break. "Hey, this glue we made is so terrible, it's good. Let's put it on little yellow pieces of paper and call it Post-It!" Most of the time it's gradual improvements of existing products with a better mix or new ingredient. If a group of writers under Isaac Asimov's direction continually toiled away on the Foundation Series, re-writing and re-writing and re-writing, and every six months releasing a New, Improved "Foundation and Empire," not a _new_ story, but the same old story, "improved" by having had more perspiration dripped into it, you'd be sure the guy had gone crazy. Some Jazz greats practice scales all day long, and some don't. Practicing can be harmful. It causes you to worship pyrotechnics because it took you so long to learn it. If you like listening to finger exercises, there are musicians by the carload who'll twiddle them out, but I prefer someone closer to the music than the neruomusculature.
#7207From: Steve AhlstromAug 20, 1988 12:10 PM
Tom, If you want to hear true improvisation, from the soul and not from learned technical facility and practice, hand an instrument to a 4 year old and say "Here, play me some dixieland". -sja
#7223From: Don Curtis/SYSOPAug 20, 1988 2:25 PM
Tom, Tell you what…I'll leave this as a parting shot and then drop out of this disussion. Not because I yield, but simply because this is the Amiga Tech Forum and while tangents are fine…I think most of the members are getting tired of this discussion. Let's agree to disagree….the first time Asimov put pen to paper he didn't produce a novel. He had to work at it, refine his methods and ideas to the point where he is now able to put pen to paper and come up with an interesting story. Work and refine == trial and error. Don
#6625From: Thomas HoladayAug 17, 1988 4:54 PM
I am telling you that the trial and error in an "inspired" work is of a completely different nature than the trial and error in ditchdigging or programming. Do you suppose a sculptor working in marble is able to take back a stroke? Do you imagine Michaelangelo did fifteen thousand studies of David, and then carved the best of the lot? Do you imagine Michaelangelo did fifteen thousand study sculptures in a methodical approach, varying each one from its predecessor by tiny amounts, until he happened upon one that looked like it would be appropriate to name it David?
#6649From: C. Davey UtterAug 17, 1988 6:53 PM
He did do lots of drawings. …Dave
#6740From: Jon BryanAug 18, 1988 1:10 AM
He also did a number of preliminary miniature studies. This discussion is really pointless. Any human endeavor can qualify as "art." So I can delegate ditch digging. I can delegate a painting too, or a jingle for a 30-second commercial. I may not be satisfied with what I get either way. Thomas' definition is unnecessarily restrictive. I believe that some programming qualifies as art. Somewhere there is a ditch-digger who is an artist at his work. Maybe a "genius" ditch-digger only comes along once a milennia. So what? How many genius composers appear in each century? Half a dozen? What if we encouraged and rewarded genius in ditch-digging like we do genius in composing music? This argument as to what is art and what ain't eventually degenerates into noise. Who decides what qualifies? Who decides who decides? What guarantee is there that anyone will agree a few generations from now? Bach was almost forgotten until Mahler resurrected him less than a century ago. Two hundred years from now he may be forgotten again. Why is the sky? Argh!
#6812From: Thomas HoladayAug 18, 1988 7:34 AM
Jon, Some programs may qualify as art, but the realm of programming is not the realm of art, because, for instance, I can give a list of qualities I want a replacement Workbench to have to both a plodder and an artiste, and after enough time, get what was specified. Sometimes the plodder will deliver ahead of the artiste, sometimes the artiste will have soared so far beyond the specification as to cause wonder in the community, but that soaring beyond the specification is not the realm of programming. The way Amiga will perform for both the clumsy and the adroit means people are better employed plodding through a new version of a program than in decrying the inadequacies of the present version.
#6843From: Vic WagnerAug 18, 1988 1:00 PM
Tom, you can also give the specifications for a painting, photograph, mural, whatever to an artist, and sometime later such an object will show up. Whether it will be art is open to question, but if the artist takes his 'work' seriously, it will be.
#6867From: Thomas HoladayAug 18, 1988 3:59 PM
Vic, If a painter works from a specification, don't we have a situation of 0% inspiration, 100% perspiration? I recollect that (at least during the '60s) Andy Warhol never referred to himself as an "artist," but only as a "painter," as in House Painter, painting not pictures but very tiny walls. A craftsperson takes the craft seriously, and if the definition of "art" is "that which the producer takes seriously" then the craftwork perforce is "art." Fahr'n fahr'n fahr'n auf der Autobahn.
#7043From: Vic WagnerAug 19, 1988 2:11 PM
Tom, after I sent that message, I realized that the word 'specificaton' would be mis-interpreted. Take for example the city of Chicago's spedification to Picasso for the sculpture. To the best of my knowledge the entire specification consisted of: "See this spot here, we want something unique." Well, they got something unique. Some people like it, others hate it, so I guess it _must_ be art. <smmiiille>
#6995From: John DraperAug 19, 1988 5:10 AM
Oh but Thomas, that soaring beyond the specification _is_ the art in programming, nor more and no less than is the soaring beyond the specification when rendering a sunset onto canvas. It markes the difference between functionality and art. It goes beyond getting the right answer from the program or depicting exactly what the sunset looks like. Look at the people who prefer one program over another, though they do the same thing in the final analysis. -larry
#6762From: Don Curtis/SYSOPAug 18, 1988 2:17 AM
Tom, You keep making the exagerations…I never said that to create a piece of art you had to do rote trial and error. What I did say was that trial and error is a part of the process…NOT the only part and not even a large part in some processes. Just that it is a part of the process. Michaelangelo may not have been able to put back a chip of marble, but he certainly could have chipped off an extra bit here and there after stepping back to take a look at what he had done so far. Don
#6626From: Thomas HoladayAug 17, 1988 4:54 PM
How many rewrites do you think Oscar Wilde went through in the three days he took to complete "The Picture of Dorian Gray?" How many did Rilke use on the Sonnets to Orpheus? How much rewriting do you think Bach did during the time he was turning out a complete piece every week? These are incontrovertible examples of work that was 99% inspiration, 1% perspiration. I don't think you can find the equivalent anywhere in programming.
#6763From: Don Curtis/SYSOPAug 18, 1988 2:21 AM
Tom, I have no idea how much Oscar Wilde went thru, other than I can say with some certaintly that somewhere in that 3 days he changed something from what he had put down first. Yes, that's a guess…I wasn't there and neither were you. BTW, I never supported the Edison idea of 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration…I only took the position that nothing is 100% inspiration. Don
#6809From: Thomas HoladayAug 18, 1988 7:10 AM
Don, You have argued so forcefully that nothing is 100% inspiration that no one will dare to disagree. In one of your first messages in this thread you lumped art and inventi; together as "creative" endeavors. It is my posQ%=s that Edison's estimate of the ratio of inspiration to perspiration was accurate for inventive work but preposterous for artistic work. Edison made his little quip specifically to counter the popular notion that all he did was walk into his Menlo Park office, scratch his head, and then put together a lightbulb. Your statement that a sculptor who chips too deeply can simply carve down the surrounding area minimizes the challenge of working in stone. That approach cannot work. I widespread availability of word processing tools have made it rare for writers to struggle to "get it right the first time." Sculptors in stone must. Consider genuine improvisational music. A musician cannot backspace over a note once it's been played, and play a different note. A musician who rehearses a set piece and then pretends to play it spontaneously is not genuinely improvising. People who know more about jazz than I do will be able to name players who have stopped "practicing" altogether, that is, no longer play dreary scales and finger exercises hours a day.
#6832From: Steve AhlstromAug 18, 1988 11:07 AM
A true jazz player who no longer practices scales is not a player for long. Jazz is not total improvisation. It is based on a deep and complete knowledge of scales and modes and how they interact with each other depending upon the chord changes behind (in single line improvisation). On instruments that allow simultaneous notes a thorough understanding of theory, scales, progressive movement is mandatory for 'comping'. Listen carefully to jazz masters of all types, whether they be 'outside' players like John McLaughlin, Chic Corea, or Miles Davis, or more traditional players like Dimeola, Sanborn, Bob James, Marsalis. Their incredible knowledge of musical relationships and theory is obvious. There is no such thing as true improvisation except maybe that which is played by someone who has never learned to play an instrument. Improvisation is knowing scales and theory inside and out and chosing, on the spur of the moment, what to play when. Whether you're going to play an arpeggio, a broken arpeggio, or a scale fragment against any particular musical change. Or, if on the ii of the dominant scale you chose to play dorian (native to the scale), or phrygian (sp) (native to the scale one full step down), or aeolian (native to the scale a 4th up) or a modified mixolydian, or — a whole world of possibilities and phrasing. If you were a musician I could go into some detail on the mechanical process of improvisation as concrete examples. The player who chooses to forgo practice of scales and 'finger exercises' soon loses the physical dexterity needed and the mental alertness required. Improvisation is the ability to use past experiences and knowledge and use them 'on the spot'. With only 12 notes in the chromatic scale there is nothing that has not been played before. Interesting improvisations as formula based upon scale knowledge, dynamics, conflict and resolution. Unless one is performing 12 hours a day (in which the performance becomes the practice) a jazz player who does not practice is not a jazz player.
#6844From: Vic WagnerAug 18, 1988 1:00 PM
I had a feeling you might jump in on this one.
#6872From: Thomas HoladayAug 18, 1988 4:40 PM
I brought up jazz specifically as bait for Steve.
#6857From: Roger F. BeckerAug 18, 1988 1:55 PM
Steve: I agree with your point about the musician who forgoes scales. However, I've found it to be the other way around. That is, when a freshman at Berklee, my Composition and Conducting professor told me I couldn't do that because 'you didn't learn that yet,' he was right in a stupid kind of way. I find that a deeper understanding of theory, modes, harmony, intervals, etc. help me attain, in practice, ideas that are already in my head, but can't get off my fingers. Roger
#6866From: Steve AhlstromAug 18, 1988 3:50 PM
The repetition of scales and full understanding of theory gives you the physical tools needed. If you can't get your fingers to do it it makes no difference what you can hear in your head. Anyone can learn the craft of jazz improvisation. Some are better than ohers and some are truly inspired. The inspired player is truly rare. I guess "inspired" is a subjective term. When I listen to Dimeola (rarely) only one thing pops into my mind — Berklee School of Music. He's more interested in impressing you with his speed and scales than he is in letting any emotion come thru. He's got the tools and the knowledge but lacks the inspiration. I was a studio player in LA for several years doing mostly rock session work and some movie and TV scores. While doing that I was lucky enough to e able to study with some very fine jazz players. After I left the LA scene and moved to Denver I continued playing/studying for a while. Whether it was with Joe Pass, Rick Chinichi, or Johnny Smith, the advice (no, REQUIREMENT) was scales, scales, scales. Whether you want to do single line improv or comping behind someone else you must have both the knowledge and the dexterity. The gaining of knowledge is never ending. The attainment of the dexterity is unless you keep up the practice on a daily basis. Once you attain the physical ability to play what you hearyou always strive to hear better things!
#6874From: Thomas HoladayAug 18, 1988 4:40 PM
Aren't there cases, though, of musicians who _have_ stopped practicing (or at least said so)? Do they all fade away, or do they just make the more masochistic types uncomfortable? "BB King, why don't you play fast?" "Son, why should I play fast if I can knock you over with one note?"
#6882From: Steve AhlstromAug 18, 1988 5:15 PM
That's a better quote for Clapton than BB King, however …. Speed does not make a player. Look at Dimeola or Pat Martino. Blazingly fast. That doesn't mean it's good (to me, it's not, but everyone's taste are different. For me, classical music is just so much background noise and opera is a bunch of people screaming on cue). When you stop practicing, you don't become less of a musician, but you do become less of a player (again, assuming that you aren't performing or otherwise working at your craft for 8-12 hours a day, that in itself is 'practice'). Segovia practiced 4-6 hours a day until he died. Practice, repetition, honing of your skills thru playing is what it takes to be a player.
#6902From: Thomas HoladayAug 18, 1988 8:39 PM
Steve, I don't mean to suggest that a musician can remain a good player if s/he never touches the instrument between live performances. But I have a hard time imagining Glen Gould playing Hanon or Czerny for six hours a day in order to keep his fingers strong for Bach and Beethoven. Setting up a straw man is the last thing I want to do. If your position is not that a player, to remain a player, must do tedious, repetitive scales for some big chunk of the day, must "perspire," I apologize for misrepresenting you.
#6903From: Thomas HoladayAug 18, 1988 8:39 PM
Perhaps Clapton has said it as well, but it was told to me as a quote from BB King.
#6873From: Thomas HoladayAug 18, 1988 4:40 PM
Steve, Would you agree or disagree with the assertion "Jazz improvisation, while it is performed, is a matter of methodical trial and error. The players get a melodic idea (somehow) and then run through scales in sequence, dorian, aeolian, pentatonic, and so forth, until they hit one that suits that idea. Then they play it that way. Roughly 1% of the effort is spent in arriving at the idea, and the remaining 99% is mechanically going through the paces. The players have no more preconception which scale is going to prove suitable to the melodic idea than (to pick a name out of thin air) Edison had preconception about what filament would work out well for incandescent lighting, and are usually just as surprised an delighted by the discovery as the audience. "
#6876From: Steve AhlstromAug 18, 1988 4:57 PM
Tom, I was disagreeing with your … "People who know more about jazz than I do will be able to name players who have stopped "practicing" altogether, that is, no longer play dreary scales and finger exercise hours a day." To answer your question, for the most part, a _performance_ is little more than rote memorization of lines you've played 1000 times before. You don't want to make a mistake in front of the public or the mike. During a practice/rehearsal the trial and error takes place. True improvisation, except with friends during non-public jam sessions is very rare. For the public, the paying ticket holder, the record producer, other (non-familiar) musicians, the player wants everything to be 'just right'. You may not fully anticipate what you are going to play, an arpeggio here, a dim7thflat9 resolving to the tonic, there, but you fall back on patterns and ideas developed outside of public performance. This is not improvisation in the true sense. However, that is all moot. Your theory that accomplished musicians do not need to "play dreary scales and finger exercise hours a day" is all wet. When a musician quits doing that it is only a matter of days or weeks before he stops being a 'player'.
#6901From: Thomas HoladayAug 18, 1988 8:39 PM
All wet, am I? Maybe for the busy-finger set of players, but what about the balladeers? Is Paul Horn cBying rapid scales six hours a day, and then, when he gets Inside the Taj, throwing it all over to play One Long Note?
#6926From: Steve AhlstromAug 18, 1988 10:06 PM
I thought you were speaking of improvisational jazz, not New Age. Anyone can play one note in an echo chamber with no technical facility.
#6950From: Black Belt SystemsAug 18, 1988 11:24 PM
oh, yukyukyukyukyukyukyuk har.
#6949From: Black Belt SystemsAug 18, 1988 11:23 PM
Hey Steve; (a) Do you have any favorite (read, bizzare/difficult) scales? Can I have a copy? (b) Did you ever listen to that guitar fellow I told you about? –Ben–
#6952From: Steve AhlstromAug 18, 1988 11:33 PM
a) yes b) yes — very nice stuff for a rocker. Reminds me of old Rick Derringer stuff.
#6959From: Black Belt SystemsAug 19, 1988 12:29 AM
Ah, good. I'll bug you directly shortly. and (b) good. I like that stuff. It's _exactly_ how I like to play (when I do it well) –Ben–
#7405From: Terry CarrollAug 21, 1988 10:06 PM
Who was the guitar guy you're referring to? tc
#7433From: Steve AhlstromAug 21, 1988 10:59 PM
Joe Satriani.
#6861From: Don Curtis/SYSOPAug 18, 1988 2:32 PM
Tom, Believe me, I can think of many inspiring scenes that I'd like to be able to paint…but for me, the inspiration is the easy part…putting it on paper is the extremely hard part and in fact, for me, would be 1% vs 99%. I'm not an artist. Any sculptor who starts chipping on a piece of marble (whatever) and doesn't step back and look at the whole piece before they get to the point where taking one more chip off would destroy the piece isn't a sculptor very long. Look at a diamond cutter. Their first cut to cleave the diamond _must_ be right. Believe me that even the most expert diamond cutter has made a mistake along the way and learned how to minimize mistakes by trial and error combined with lots of knowledge. Again, they didn't sit down with $1,000,000 worth of diamonds and start hacking away until they got one right. Just like the sculptor doesn't sit down and randomly chip away at lots of pieces of rock. The sculptor get an idea for a piece of sculpture, usualy draws it out on paper, picks a piece of stone and then starts to chip away. First larger pieces and then smaller pieces. But along the way, they stop chipping and stand back and look at the work and mentaly compare what they see with what they want (trial). When they see what they have done doesn't match what they want (error)..they attempt to correct it by changing the method/way/amount of chipping done before it gets to the point of destroying the work. Hopefully, they take off too little, not too much during these stages. Don
#6868From: Thomas HoladayAug 18, 1988 3:59 PM
Edison invented the lightbulb, not with sketches or standing back and cogitating (inspiration) but by building 15,000 lightbulbs of different materials and marketing the one that burned the best. Josiah Wedgewood re-invented white porcelain without the secret of the Chinese (that's why the English call their dishes "China") by trying something like 473 different formulae. You can see his notebooks in the Wedgewood museum. It's easier to re-invent something, you can guess what the folks you're copying are starting with by talking to sailors. His black glaze took another decade or two. This is invention-to-order. Not tap tap here, tap tap there, but build a prototype, and another, another, or make a batch of different glazes and fire them, and another, until you get one you like. Jazz, sculpture, literature, are _nothing_ like that. When Edison tries a new filament, he does not know until he turns on the electricity whether it's going to finally be the one. When Tolstoy writes a paragraph, he is _not_ exploring the unknown. I believe, but don't know how to prove, that the difficulty non-artists have with realizing the images in their minds is that the image is "really" much less defined than they think it is. What one learns in art school in addition to draftsmanship is how to fool the viewer into seeing richness and detail in a painting by suggestion, so that the picture is completed in the viewer's mind. Gosh, I sound like an Infocom ad. If you have never experimented with the grid method of copying a photograph used by the photorealists, you may be surprised at how well you can do on your first effort. If you had the knack for holding in your imagination the image you wish to copy the way you can hold a grid over a photograph, you could "copy" the mental image in the same way. But you'd also have a visual imagination that worked differently from your eyes, since your eyes do not see much more than a little disk of the field of view in full focus, while you'd be making a painting that would be all in focus wherever you look. That's rare.
#6968From: Don Curtis/SYSOPAug 19, 1988 2:39 AM
Tom, Yes, I have copied photographs via the grid method. It works, but I don't consider it art…just slowly duplicating the function of a Xerox machine. Certainly all else being equal, those who have special talents can do more with the material and tools at hand than those without those talents. That's not an issue is it? Thomas Edison and the lightbulb is an example of someone who had an idea, and perservered at the raw trial and error method until he got it right. So was Alexander Bell. Both had some background that gave them some insight into the direction to take…but both had lots and lots of efforts that failed before they got their ideas from their head into a workable form. The great artists probably started out making lots and lots of mistakes. As they grew older, and their talents were 'fine tuned', it didn't take nearly as much effort as it had for them in the past. That's all I'm saying, and have been saying. I seriously doubt that any 'great work' was done with no prior experience, no mistakes along the way and no testing along the way (in one form or another). There was trial and error somewhere in the beginning, and along the way that lead to the knowledge of how to do a great work with minimal trial and error. Thinking of a great work is not trial and error, but going from thought to reality is in one form or another. Don
#7056From: Thomas HoladayAug 19, 1988 5:27 PM
Don, Does that mean you agree that there is a fundamental difference between invention and artistic creation?
#7122From: Don Curtis/SYSOPAug 20, 1988 12:26 AM
Tom, No…that doesn't mean that. While I agree that invention is usualy of a 'thing' and artistry is usualy of a 'work' (painting, photograph, etc.) I also feel that the process is the same: 1. Think of what is to be done 2. Think of how to do it 3. Do it via some form of trial and error Depending on the project and the person…the amount of trial and error can be great or little. Don
#7182From: Thomas HoladayAug 20, 1988 9:57 AM
Don, Does this mean you think Edison "made up" electric light in the same sense that Chaucer "made up" the Canterbury Tales? That determining what materials are suitable for cheap incandescent light is a process of introspection? This is to confuse Edison with God-the-Creator, a major blunder.
#7222From: Don Curtis/SYSOPAug 20, 1988 2:21 PM
Tom, Are you trying to say that God spoke to Chaucer and inspired him to write the Canterbury tales? Our so called God Given talents vary from person to person. If Edison's talents were in the idea and implementation fields and Chaucer's were in the 'artistic' fields…is either any less than the other? If what Edison did was so easy…why didn't someone do it before? Electricity was known long before Edison's day. From hindsight…the making of an electric light bulb was a relatively easy task….just try lots of materials until something workable was found. From Edison's viewpoint…it may in fact have been that easy, but obviously from other viewpoints (Edison's comtemporaries and those before him) it apparently wasn't that easy since no one bothered to try it. You place 'artists' on too high a pedestal. They were people just like you and I with talents different than mine (and I suspect yours). They were not gods or even god like…just plain old folks who directed their energies in directions that have provided future generations with various forms of pleasure. Don
#6916From: Bob RakoskyAug 18, 1988 9:28 PM
Another part of the creative process that hasn't been mentioned yet, is the ability to adapt one's intentions as the process continues. Taking this example of the sculptor accidentally cutting a bit more stone away than intented. At that point, he has two choices – either abandon the effort and start over again, or to adjust his plans and find a way to make this last cut "work". This is not a rare occurance in any creative process. It is part of the "artistic" temperament to be able to find a way to make it "work", whether the craft is sculpting, painting, writing, or programming. Not all sculptures, paintings, prose, or programs are artistic, but similar artistic skills can be and are utilized in the creation of all of the above. As far as programming goes, theres a very big difference between writing a program from an extremely detailed specification and creating a program. The former may (but most likely won't) perform its intended functions, but almost never will contain any added functionality that is "discovered" in the process of writing it. It probably won't be nearly as usable as the program that "evolves" as part of the process of creation. I've not seen a program spec yet (written BEFORE the program(s) were written) that really had a complete handle on the problems that said program needed to solve. It is because of this that most of the software developed by large teams of programmers doesn't tend to be great software – at best its "functional". Just look at most of the software that is used in Corporate America. Unfortunately, it takes too long for a software artist as an individual to create the amount of software that many projects require, hence the team-approach. Just another perspective….Bob
#6977From: Don Curtis/SYSOPAug 19, 1988 2:56 AM
Bob, I just went thru a class discussing exactly that problem. And you're right. Yes, done from scratch and an idea…a program must evolve to become more useful. A proper design approach before line one of code gets put on paper should be, but rarely is, used when a team of programmers work on a project. What normaly happens is that a few people do the design and then give a group of programmers sections to write, and perhaps even some pseudo code. Since none of the programmers gets to work on the whole, and the whole isn't done until each of the programmers is done…there is little, if any, ability to mold the program along the way. Don
#6996From: John DraperAug 19, 1988 5:16 AM
Sculpture? Nuthin' to it… you decide what you want, say a cat, and then just remove everything from the stone that doesn't look like a cat. If you go too far, just change what you want. I usually end up with a sort of a bent thing about toothpick sized. -larry
#7140From: Black Belt SystemsAug 20, 1988 1:40 AM
After starting with a 4 ton (long tons) boulder, right? <grin>
#7148From: John DraperAug 20, 1988 1:56 AM
At least! -larry
#7406From: Terry CarrollAug 21, 1988 10:11 PM
Michealangelo (sp?) said something similar, that all he did was to remove the part of the stone that was not part of the sculpture within it. And good old J.S.Bach said "playing the organ is siplicity itself; all one has to do is press the right keys at the right time, and the instrument plays itself". -tc
#7404From: Terry CarrollAug 21, 1988 10:02 PM
(Ahem…) comments about improvisational music, as an improvisational musician. You are correct, you can't backspace over a played note, and play a different note, but you can certainly use that "wrong"note to change the context of the piece, and thereby use it as part of the music. I suspect sculpters can do the same, i. e., if they do an oops on the stone, they "think around it", and incorporate the bad cut into the design. Improv of any kind requires some basic skills, a quick imagination, and the courage to make a mistake… and not much more. And its fun! -tc
#7517From: Thomas HoladayAug 22, 1988 11:45 AM
I remember a rule of one music instructor was "If you are going to play a wrong note, make it a good one!" He was struggling against the tendency of the player to realize the error early into the note and suddenly clamp back on it, resulting in a puny, ugly, unmistakeable wrong note. Play the errors with the same attack and diaphragm support, he argued, and the audience will blame the composer.
#7051From: Ed BercovitzAug 19, 1988 2:43 PM
According to Perry Kivolovitz VD0: was substantially done in a day and completely finished in a weekend.